'modern' automatically improve - adapt
Tate Modern and New Labour - Improving or attempting to
William Holman Hunt - The Hireling shepherd - 1852
One of the pioneers of the pre-raphelite movement
Modern but not modernist / amazing attention to detail / lifelike strokes
1900's Paris
the original modern city / 1st of its kind
most advanced city at that time
L'exposion 1889 - erected the eiffel tower
Gallerie De Machines - society culture
Urbanisation
Country to town / working class
Factories replaced farms
new methods of transport
1912 invention of the rail network
more structure leads to more efficiency
Process of rationality and reasoning
Secularisation
Impressionist paintings were of the urban experience
HAUSSMANISATION
Paris 1850s on = a New Paris
Old Paris architecture of narrow streets demolished
Haussman redesigns Paris
Large Boulevards in favour of narrow streets easier to police - Social Control
also the dangerous elements of the working class moved outside the city centre – city centre - expensive middle and Upper class zoneEdgar Degas - L'absinthe
Is a painting of a girl, outside of society, getting drunk because her work is depressing & sub-standard - serve and entertain
At the time of this painting photography was being painted
Kaiserpanorama
-1885. People would pay to sit in seats around one circular object images of the city would be shown. erotic material shown
Technology replaces our own experience
New york city
Quintessentially modern
Built around a system of grids like milton keynes
Alfred Stiegletz - Flatiron Building
Tree vs Building
man made vs natural
Paul Citroen - Metropolis 1923
Multiplicity of perspectives
Modernism in Design
Truth to materials
Eiffel tower, great example of modernity
Form Following Function (FFF)
Classic modernist dogma ,Form precedes function
Skyscrapers council estates
The Bauhaus
Bauhaus college building. Made out of concrete
Font on School 'Futura' which was created in the Bauhaus
Font was Sans-Serif
Technology
New technologies & inventions
Concrete,Plastic,Aluminium
Mass production
Steel Chairs no comfort just functional
vertical buildings could fit more people in
Le Corbiuser
Plan Voisn 1927
sketches and designs of a typical modern city
Harry Beck - London Underground Map
great example of Form Following Function.
Herbert Bayer
important influence in the developent & design of Bauhaus,and san serif
argued that all type should be lower case
Stanley Morrison
Invented the Times New Roman typeface
Challenged modernity and reverted to an archaeic style of typography.
Nazi's took power and shut down the Bauhaus building in belief it was too progressive.
Conclusion
The word 'modern' suggest novelty & improvement
Mid 1700's - 1960 seen as social/cultural experience
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